Back to the future (Part 2)

In the second of his articles on ‘reverse planning’ and the need to avoid end-of year surprises, Jono Wilson of Barnett & Turner turns his attention to businesses and the self-employed. If you have responsibility for staff, it really pays to be keeping track of the latest changes in the tax and NI regime. Rather than wait until the last minute, do some planning in conjunction with your accountant. You’ll find that it can reduce your levels of stress and inconvenience quite noticeably.

Here’s one particular talking point from April 2015. If you employ someone who’s under 21, you will no longer have to pay employers’ NI if they earn less than the Upper Earnings Limit of £815 per week. It’s something you’ll need to take into account when dealing with your payroll. And from next April, this tax break will be extended to the wages paid to apprentices under the age of 25. These tax breaks can impact upon the plans a business may have for recruitment, so taking note of them at the earliest opportunity is very wise.

I’ve also been highlighting a new exemption that was to have been introduced from April 2015 for trivial benefits in kind. It would have allowed you to pass non-cash gifts of up to £50 a year to your employees without any tax liability arising. Ideal for recognising birthdays and similar events, whilst creating some good feeling with your staff along the way.

Unfortunately, the Government decided to delay the introduction of the new rule – perhaps concerned about the amount of time available in the run-up to the general election. More information should be around later in the year, but it’s possible you might be able to come to some kind of informal arrangement with HMRC in the meantime. Uncertain, but worth considering and perhaps posing the question.

If you’re self-employed, meanwhile, direct debits of Class 2 NIC should stop after the last payment for tax year 2014/15, which would be around 10^th July 2015. It’s important to check that you’re not inadvertently still making payments from your bank account and therefore it could be wise to cancel the direct debit after the final payment. Of course it should also be noted that there will be an increase to your usual tax bill in future returns because HMRC will now use the                self-assessment system to collect Class 2 NIC.

If you would like to discuss anything related to this article please do not hesitate to call Barnett & Turner on 01623 659659 or email Jonathan at jwilson@barnettandturner.co.uk

Back to the future (Part 1)

Jonathan Wilson of Barnett & Turner says that the best way to avoid end-of-year panic is to think about reverse planning. Planning your tax year in reverse sounds like a strange idea, but that’s exactly what I sometimes advise my clients to do if they want to avoid unnecessary stress. Very often, they’re trying to do things at the last minute, when they really should have thought about them a lot earlier e.g. making best use of tax allowances, reliefs and exemptions.

Take married couples, for example. On 6^th April, new rules came into force that allow one spouse or civil partner to transfer 10% of their personal allowance to their other half, providing that neither of them pays tax above the basic rate. It’s a good opportunity in a situation where one partner has a low income and would otherwise have wasted their allowances. It does involve contacting HMRC immediately though and asking for the allowance to be transferred and tax codes to be updated.

And what about the child benefit charge? When one member of the family has an ‘adjusted net income’ of £50,000 or more, the benefit starts to reduce. And once the income exceeds £60,000, you lose it altogether. That could mean a gap of up to £1,800 a year if you have two kids. But if you think ahead and plan, the limits can be extended – through personal pension contributions, for instance, or gift-aid donations.

There’s another planning opportunity worth mentioning too. In April, the starting-rate tax band increased to £5,000 and the rate went down to zero. If you are a married couple or civil partners and you have relatively low pensions or earnings, but a higher amount of investment income, you need to consider your options. You could for example receive pensions to the value of around £10,600 and another £5,000 in gross interest without paying tax.

If you talk to your accountant at the earliest possible stage, you’re always better prepared to take advantage of opportunities. So don’t end up with a last-minute scramble.

If you would like to discuss anything related to this article please do not hesitate to call Barnett & Turner on 01623 659659 or email Jonathan at jwilson@barnettandturner.co.uk

Bridging a gap in knowledge could bring huge relief

If you thought that R&D meant lab coats and test tubes, it’s time to think again. As Barnett & Turner’s Jo Tye explains, the definition is far broader. And HMRC actually wants you to ask for the tax relief. Research & Development. The words sound lofty and conjure up images of multinational pharmaceutical businesses. The reality, however, is that R&D takes place in all kinds of settings – from software and technology companies through to the food and beverage industry. In fact, even if you’re a specialist butcher investigating new seasoning mixes for your sausages, you have a perfectly legitimate case. According to HMRC, however, as few as 25% of businesses entitled to support actually claim it.

As an accountant, when I’m speaking to my clients, I’m always looking at the work that they’re doing within their business and considering R&D relief. I can then help them to construct a detailed report, outlining the case, which is simply returned alongside their Corporation Tax return.

You certainly need to gather data to make your claim. HMRC will want to see evidence, for instance, of the number of hours worked by key staff on the project. The effort is well worth it though, because for every £100 a small or medium company spends on R&D, it receives £225 of tax relief.

For a government agency which is usually so focused on recovering tax, the Revenue’s encouragement for people to make claims is somewhat surprising. The government, naturally enough, is keen to promote innovation as a general motor for the economy. That means there’s effectively a pot of money there – in the form of a tax incentive – for people who are ambitious enough to pursue it.

Critically, your R&D doesn’t need to produce concrete results. It’s the fact that you’ve made the attempt to fill a gap in knowledge or technology that’s important. You simply need a problem and a methodology to tackle it.

Of course, if you’re not actually aiming to make an advance, but merely developing an existing product, you’re not going to qualify. But it’s worth sitting down with your accountant and looking at the way in which you could take advantage of what is very generous tax relief for doing something that is going to benefit your business anyway.

If you would like to discuss anything related to this article please do not hesitate to call Barnett & Turner on 01623 659659 or email Jonathan at jwilson@barnettandturner.co.uk

Expand in a disadvantaged area and you could receive a tax break

If you’re looking for new premises, it’s worth widening your range of options, writes Jono Wilson of accountancy firm Barnett & Turner. By choosing to renovate a derelict building in a disadvantaged area, you could benefit from a significant tax break. Not many people are aware of the Business Premises Renovation Allowance (BPRA), but it’s certainly worth finding out more if you’re in the market for a new office, factory or business site.

When you buy a derelict building, you’d obviously need to undertake renovations to ensure it’s in a usable state. When you do, it’s not deemed to be a ‘repair’ for tax purposes, but is seen instead as a capital cost. Tax relief against profits are minimal (possibly related to integral features, such as electrics and plumbing).

With BPRA, you can claim upfront tax relief for the costs of renovation if (a) the property is in a disadvantaged area; (b) the building has been unused for at least a year; and (c) the premises were previously used for commercial purposes rather than as residences.

It’s worth making a couple of points of clarification on these criteria. First, it’s possible to discover whether your proposed property is in an area considered to be disadvantaged by using a postcode checker on the Department for Business Innovation & Skills website. Second, the requirement for a property to be unused for a year doesn’t necessarily mean it has to be unused at the time of purchase. Provided a year elapses before any work starts, you can still qualify for BPRA.

As you might expect, the preferential tax arrangements are designed to stimulate business and help to regenerate areas that have previously been struggling. Under EU state aid legislation, costs of renovation are restricted to €20 million, although obviously many businesses will be making investments well within this figure.

It’s important to note that there’s no allowance for the cost of the land or for extending the premises, although you do get a 100% write-off for tax purposes on the other renovations. What’s more, it won’t be clawed back as long as you don’t sell the building within five years from the date it became available for use.

This relief is only available until 2017, so it’s important to think now about how you might take advantage of it in the next couple of years. It’s a specialist area, so ask to speak to a tax expert at your accountancy firm, who’ll be able to advise you.

If you would like to discuss anything related to this article please do not hesitate to call Barnett & Turner on 01623 659659 or email Jonathan at jwilson@barnettandturner.co.uk

When you're saving, look for extra savings

Whether we’re young or old, the government is keen to encourage us to save. Interest rates, however, are at a record low, so it’s important to look for every possible advantage or tax break you can find. Here, Tracy Henson of Barnett & Turner explores the potential of the new savings allowance. Many people know about the NISAs or new ‘super’ ISAs that have been introduced, which should allow people to save up to £15,240 a year tax free in 2015-16. Savings allowances tend to receive rather less coverage in the press and on the TV and radio, however. While it’s true to say that the amounts involved are relatively small, they’re certainly not insignificant. Particularly if you’re someone who is on a modest income.

Up until the end of the 2014-15 tax year, some people with savings income of up to £2,790 would have it taxed at 10% rather than 20%. In a bid to boost savings, the government has pledged a £5,000 gross savings allowance for people with an income of up to £15,600 (the combined total coming from the savings and the personal allowance of £10,600).

To put this in tangible terms, this takes you from a maximum saving of £279 in the last tax year, to a £1,000 in the year head. Certainly not be sniffed at.

If you’re someone with earnings of, say, £12k, all your savings could be taxed at zero per cent, provided the combination of your salary and/or pension and your savings is under the £15,600 limit. On the other hand, someone who earns more than £15,600 can’t benefit at all.

In a scenario in which you have £14k income, but your savings take you above the threshold to perhaps £18k, it’s possible to claim a tax rebate on the sum between £14,000 and £15,600, but this has to wait until your self-assessment tax return, or form R40. If you fall neatly under the cap, however, you can register to receive interest paid gross.

All in all, it’s important to make the most of the allowances that are available and maximise the amount that’s due to you. If you’re trying to make a retirement income stretch further, for instance, it’s vital to keep up to date with the changes that are taking place. They’re definitely to your advantage.

If you would like to discuss anything related to this article please do not hesitate to call Barnett & Turner on 01623 659659 or email Jonathan at jwilson@barnettandturner.co.uk

Invest now and reap the reward

With the general election just around the corner, there’s an element of uncertainty over how the tax regime will change. Accountant David Wilson of Barnett & turner thinks that now may be an excellent time for businesses to make investments in fixed assets. In their Green Budget published earlier in 2015, the Institute for Fiscal Studies analysed the growth in overall tax take following general elections. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the think-tank found that there was a strong tendency for taxes to be hiked in the period following the poll.

One area which may come under scrutiny when a new government is formed in May is the Annual Investment Allowance (AIA), which gives qualifying businesses 100% tax relief on the purchase of qualifying fixed assets. The allowance covers most items of capital expenditure although two notable exceptions are building structures and cars.

The AIA is an allowance which has never been so good, as the cap is currently at £500,000 – a figure many small businesses are unlikely ever to approach and which offers a lot of scope for larger enterprises too.

The policy is understandable in the aftermath of the recession, as it’s an excellent way of stimulating investment and boosting the wider economy. But the increase is only temporary and is due to expire in December 2015. The Chancellor announced in his Budget speech, delivered on 18 March 2015, that it “would not be remotely acceptable” for the AIA to reduce to the previous limit of £25,000 and that a new limit will be set at “a much more generous rate”.

This leaves business owners with uncertainty as to the level of revised AIA commencing January 2016. The Chancellor indicated a better time to address this relief will be in the Autumn Statement. So we are all left waiting…

The UK economy is generally a lot stronger now than two or three years ago. It’s a time when investment is on a lot of people’s agendas. My strong suggestion is that if you are considering making capital investments in the near future, it might be best to move ahead now, while you can maximise your tax advantage within the published regime.

You may be one of the many business people who are familiar with the idea of the AIA, but not necessarily keeping a close track of the changes in the cap rate. If so, it is time to talk to your professional adviser about getting the most out of your allowances while the rules are stacked in your favour.

If you would like to discuss anything related to this article please do not hesitate to call Barnett & Turner on 01623 659659 or email Jonathan at jwilson@barnettandturner.co.uk

How to boost businesses tax efficiently

Investing in smaller, start-up businesses can be more risky, which is why the government offers tax incentives through specialist schemes. Jono Wilson of Barnett & Turner guides us through some of the rules. When you’re selling a business or shares in a qualifying company, it’s fairly well known that it’s possible to claim entrepreneurs’ relief, which will help limit your capital gains tax liability to just 10%. What’s more, if assets are being sold because you need to replace them, you may be able to avoid CGT liability with an application for ‘rollover’ relief.

As the economy picks up, it may be that you’re looking to dispose of investments or non-business assets which are increasing in value. The problem is that, if you’re a higher earner, your gains will be taxed at 28%. Unsurprisingly, many clients ask whether there might be a way of lessening the blow.

One tax-planning option is simply to use your spouse or civil partner’s annual exemptions, as well as your own. It’s usually a sensible approach, but the savings are never going to be huge. The joint maximum figure will be £22,000, so the most you can save is approx. £6,000. Also, if your spouse or civil partner does not already use the whole of their basic rate tax band then it might be possible to reduce tax on part of the gain to 18%.

Another possibility is that you take advice from an IFA and consider options such as the Enterprise Investment Scheme (EIS) and Seed Enterprise Investment Scheme (SEIS), which are designed to encourage support for small, unquoted companies.

The government recognises that if you invest in up-and-coming businesses, there’s a greater degree of risk attached, which is one reason why they offer relief on both income and capital gains tax, provided certain conditions are met.

With EIS, where the maximum investment is £1m, you can obtain 30% income tax relief on the total amount invested in the tax year (which can also be carried back to the previous year, if preferred). Remember, you can’t have been an employee or director of the business and your interest in the company must be less than 30%. The relief is deducted from your income tax liability, which can be reduced to zero, but no further.

On the capital gains tax front, you can defer payment by reinvesting in EIS shares up to one year before – or three years after – your liability arises. In fact, the tax can be deferred until the point you dispose of the EIS shares and can be deferred again if you make a new EIS investment. If the gain is still deferred at the time of your death, then it won’t come back into charge. What’s more, EIS shares are themselves exempt from CGT on their disposal, provided income tax relief was obtained on the investment and you have held them for a minimum of three years.

SEIS was introduced in 2012 and is designed to support companies that are perceived as slightly riskier investments. If shares are acquired within two years of the business starting to trade, 50% income tax relief is available on the total amount invested in the tax year (or, again, a previous tax year if that’s more desirable). In this case, the maximum investment is £100,000, providing relief of up to £50,000, which is deducted from your income tax liability. As with EIS, it can only be used to reduce your tax liability to zero.

SEIS shares can be exempt from capital gains tax, but the gain and the SEIS investment must be made in the same year, subject to limited carry-back rules. A difference with EIS is that up to 50% of the gains reinvested in the SEIS are exempt from CGT rather than simply being deferred.

The investments mentioned above can in some circumstances have Inheritance Tax advantages but that should be considered as part of a larger IHT planning exercise.

This information is published without the responsibility on our part for the loss occasioned to any person acting or refraining from action as a result of any information published herein.

If you would like to discuss anything related to this article please do not hesitate to call Barnett & Turner on 01623 659659 or email Jonathan at jwilson@barnettandturner.co.uk

A new start with the one-stop shop

VAT rules changed on 1^st January 2015 and there are important implications for businesses supplying digital services to consumers outside the UK. Barnett & Turner’s Managing partner, Jonathan Wilson, brings us up to date. As part of a strategy to create a level playing field across Europe, rules about VAT on digital services have recently changed.

Instead of accounting for VAT in this country when selling to consumers, you need to account for it in the country the customer is based. And while in the UK there’s generally no obligation to register for VAT unless your turnover is £81k or above, there is no lower threshold when you’re supplying services to consumers in another EU member state.

The change has led to a considerable amount of commentary on social media, particularly as many people thought that they might need to account for VAT on everything they sold, just because of one or two incidental sales of digital services supplied overseas. This isn’t, in fact, the case.

It’s true that a UK VAT registration number will be needed, as this allows you to sign up for the new VAT Mini One Stop Shop (VAT MOSS) platform. But once you’re on the VAT MOSS system, you can account for the tax in any European country via one return and you don’t need to pay VAT on sales within the UK unless you go over the £81k turnover figure.

A statement was issued by HMRC in December 2014, attempting to make the situation crystal clear:

“If you make taxable supplies of digital services to customers in other EU member states, and your UK taxable turnover is below the UK VAT registration threshold, you may use the VAT MOSS to account for the VAT due in other EU member states but you do not need to account for and pay VAT on sales to your UK customers.”

It’s important to remember that the new rules only apply if your services are being bought by consumers. There are different regulations in place to account for VAT in business-to-business transactions.

The term ‘digital services’ is obviously fairly broad and covers everything from telecommunications and broadcasting and e-services. It’s the latter category that is perhaps most likely to affect smaller businesses, which may be involved in selling apps, music downloads, e-books and games. (The definition of an e-service is one which is fully automated and requires little or no human intervention.)

If you’re supplying a service of this type, there’s an onus on you to identify the country in which your customer is based, so if your website currently doesn’t gather this information, it’s something you need to address.

You then have to account for VAT at the rate applicable in the customer’s location. That’s where the VAT MOSS system is going to prove useful, as it simplifies the process and means that you don’t have to register numerous times in different jurisdictions.

Although your accountant can’t take responsibility for the actual registration on VAT MOSS, they’ll be able to guide you through the process and can file returns for you once you’re set up.

If you would like to discuss anything related to this article please do not hesitate to call Barnett & Turner on 01623 659659 or email Jonathan at jwilson@barnettandturner.co.uk

Self Assessment: don't leave it all to the wire

If you’re relying on your accountant to help you with your self-assessment tax returns, the earlier you’re able to get organised the better, suggests TRACY HENSON of Barnett & Turner. As accountants, we always like to be proactive and remind clients of the need to get their records, receipts and other relevant information ready as far as possible in advance of their filing deadlines. Inevitably though, pressures of business and life can get in the way and the records only arrive as January 31^st looms.

Of course, any professional accountancy firm will do their best to turn things around speedily, but it’s not an ideal scenario from anyone’s point of view for things to be done last minute. I have had clients in tears for instance, when they realise that cashflow isn’t good enough to cope with the imminent tax demand and there is no time left to budget for the liability.

If you’re able to get ahead of the game, you’ll not only avoid last-minute panics and the danger of possible surcharges and interest for late payment of tax, but you may well have the opportunity to spend some time discussing tax planning options with your accountant too.

Another issue is that a last-minute rush may mean your accountant can’t always plan resources effectively. If your tax affairs aren’t that complex, it might be that a relatively junior member of staff can happily take on the work but if they’re already allocated to other projects, a more senior accountant may be needed. Many firms like Barnett & Turner will do their best to avoid penalising clients financially and even discount senior rates but you want to be certain about the fee level you’re going to pay and help yourself avoid any nasty surprises.

So the message is to think ahead and give your accountant a call. See if you can get your adviser the information they need early enough to recalculate any payment on account you have to make in the summer. It may well be that reducing your July payment is worth considering, especially if your income is down on the previous year and accounts have been prepared early which confirm this. For employees who file self-assessment returns, your reminder to take action could be as soon as you have received your P60.

We can then consider the tax that will be due the following January and you can start to budget based on your cash-flow projections. It’s a common sense approach, which will allow both you and your accountant to sleep that little bit easier each New Year.

If you would like to discuss anything related to this article please do not hesitate to call Barnett & Turner on 01623 659659 or email Jonathan at jwilson@barnettandturner.co.uk

Property a hot topic as CGT changes loom

Draft legislation is about to herald a new era in capital gains tax. The changes – due to come into effect in April 2015 – will have an impact on all non-UK residents who dispose of a residential property located in the UK. Any gains realised by either a sale or a gift will be subject to CGT, regardless of the value of the sale. It’s not just individuals who will be affected by the change. The rule also applies to non-resident companies, partnerships, trustees and personal representatives of deceased non-UK residents. Although institutional investors (non-UK resident pension schemes or foreign real estate investment trusts investing in UK residential property) will be exempt, no reliefs or exemptions are generally available if the property is held for investment purposes, even if it has always been rented out.

What’s more, the charge will apply to properties under construction and being adapted for residential use – including land that forms the garden or grounds of a residential building.

Only gains from 6^th April 2015 will be charged. Normally, the property will be rebased to its market value at that date. Time apportionment can, however, be used to calculate the gain after 6^th April or the gain and loss can be computed over the whole period of ownership.

Companies with properties already subject to Capital Gains Tax on Enveloped Dwellings (CGTED) for the entire period from 6^th April 2015 to the date of sale, will not be subject to the new provisions.

Can Main Residence relief be claimed?

If a nomination is made, it’s possible for Main Residence relief to be granted. The property does, however, have to be located in the same country in which the taxpayer is resident for tax purposes. It’s also essential that the taxpayer spends 90 midnights in the property during the tax year.

Facts and figures at a glance

• The annual exemption amount (£11,000 for 2014/15) is available to non-resident individuals.
• CGT for non-resident individuals will be 18% at basic rate and 28% for higher rate taxpayers.
• Non-resident trusts will pay 28%, while non-resident will be charged at 20% and indexation allowance will be available to take inflation into account.

If you would like to discuss anything related to this article please do not hesitate to call Barnett & Turner on 01623 659659 or email Jonathan at jwilson@barnettandturner.co.uk